The shift from describing the continuous educational reform process using “competency-based curriculum” (CBC) to adopting “competency-based education” (CBE) surprised numerous observers but aligns with a series of modifications implemented since the introduction of the new system. This alteration gained widespread attention at a nationwide conference held on Thursday, marking the debut use of CBE labels on goods and resources.
The foundational framework supporting these revisions, known as the Basic Education Curriculum Framework (BECF), emphasizes CBC instead of CBE. However, according to Basic Education Principal Secretary Julius Bitok, CBE encompasses every aspect of the system. Additionally, on the same day, the Minister of Education, Julius Ogamba, declared another significant policy update—mathematics will be mandatory in upper-level schooling.
These developments follow several contentious policies and adjustments associated with recent educational transformations initiated in 2018. Many parents have expressed frustration regarding inconsistencies within the reforms.
Bitok clarified:
“The terminology ‘curriculum’ initially referred specifically to the structured content area called CBC, whereas ‘education,’ including factors like facilities, personnel such as educators, and institutional settings, represents CBE.”
During a stakeholder gathering in Nairobi, Professor Julius Bitok elaborated further,
“We’re seeing substantial positive impacts across various levels—from elementary through university—with innovative skills being instilled among pupils.”
Issues surrounding housing arrangements for lower grades, phasing out dormitories, specialized study tracks, combined coursework choices, faculty allocations, periodic reviews of curricula components, and textbook updates remain unresolved points of contention.
Caroline Mwasi, a concerned mother, voiced skepticism stating,
“CBC appears overly complex leading to constant shifts confusing both families and administrators alike.”
Silas Mwirigi, headmaster of Kagumo High School and chairperson of the National Schools Assembly, advocated greater involvement from relevant parties prior to enacting alterations:
“It’s imperative that officials engage directly with those affected ensuring smoother transitions,”
Another notable development involves shifting grade seven, eight, and nine classes from secondary to primary schools—a reversal influenced by President Ruto’s governance following advice from experts appointed via his task force established shortly after assuming office in late 2022.
Despite resistance from unions representing secondary level instructors, current measures aim to bolster staff availability significantly adding approximately seventy-six thousand additional teachers dedicated primarily to early childhood instruction areas requiring urgent reinforcement most notably scientific disciplines.
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